This week marks the 100th anniversary of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. A documentary on HBO tonight will remember the event, where 146 garment workers died in a fire at their factory. The managers of the factory had locked the doors to the exits, a typical tactic to force long workdays in a time before laws outlawing the practice. The Triangle Fire led directly to worker safety laws and the growth of the ILGWU garment worker’s union.
I walked by the site of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory completely by accident one day in New York. It’s on the campus of NYU, and it blends into the campus pretty seamlessly at this point. Only a small plaque denotes the site. But you can stand on the spot on the sidewalk where women workers jumped to their death rather than be consumed by the flames.
A hundred years later, the struggle for rights in the workplace haven’t changed all that much. The circumstances are different; actual locking of doors to prevent employees from leaving their shifts isn’t a regular occurrence in America. But for a long time, management has attempted to break worker solidarity, to take away whatever leverage workers may have to improve their conditions and to reduce the influence of workers to a time before the Triangle Fire. This is manifested in one of the longest periods of stagnant wages in US history, to use just one example.
The Triangle factory owners were vehemently anti-union. They got the police to arrest their striking workers. They hired thugs to beat up protesters on the picket line. They resisted accountability for safety during a 13-week strike two years before the fire, and resisted accountability for the fire long afterwards. They even got away with little more than a small fine in the aftermath.
But the cause, and worker solidarity, endured. The ILGWU successfully pushed for legislation that would protect sweatshop workers in the years to come. Frances Perkins, FDR’s Labor Secretary, called it the start of the New Deal. And the cause endures to this day. People are still struggling for respect and dignity in the workplace. People are still fighting for the right to organize. And in some ways, this struggle faces more pitfalls than ever.
But the events of the past couple months, in Wisconsin and Indiana and Michigan and across the country, shows a yearning for a country with a strong middle class, backed by worker power. This is a perfect time to remember the history of the Triangle Fire, and what it spurred in terms of labor reform. This blow-by-blow account is a good place to start for knowledge of the event. On Friday, the 100th anniversary, as many as 10,000 people will gather outside the factory site for a remembrance. I wish I could be there.




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Thank you for this, David.
Thanks for this. We must never forget what deregulation looks like. Just look at the pictures of those women on the street.
I’ll be there for you ,David.
I’ll also be stopping at one of the cemeteries where some of the victims are buried to honor them.
oh wonderful! please consider sharing with a diary.
This is a good time to mention that the neocons and the neoliberal Vichycrats have just about decided that regulations like the ones that came into effect after this tragedy (and so many others around the turn of the century) are universally “bad for business”. It won’t be long before somebody decides it’s a good idea to chain workers to their stations, lock them in and/or deny them bathroom breaks during the day. And we can’t count on the Obama DoJ to challenge such a workplace policy.
Yes, please favor us with a diary of the event themomcat.
Thank you, David, for your post.
Money is a concept people made up as a convenience for sharing the earth’s resources with each other. Seems to me being free from coercion to die for money or another person because of money is a human rights thing. Seem we are overdue for respecting human life above money.
I’ll have my camera with me.
I played in the cemetery as a child and came across the graves by accident playing hide and seek. The grounds keeper was about to chase me off when he noticed I was clearing the site which at the time was over grown. What had caught my eye was a haunting picture behind heavy glass of a lovely young woman. The grounds keeper showed me the other graves and told me about the fire. My Dad knew about it, he was a contractor but very pro-labor and his workers. I had forgotten about it until last year when a friend did a photo journal of last year’s ceremony. I mer the co-producer Michael Hirsh last year at the dedication of a new headstone for one of the victims.
We must all stand with workers and bargaining rights in memory of the all who died that day.
Wow– please do a diary!
Amazing. What a wonderful story.
Michael Hirsch, Labor Historian and co producer of HBO’s documentary has worked to identify the last six victims. Friday’s event will be the first time all 146 names will be read
Had the privilege of attending the 70th Commemoration – incredibly moving.
I think that workplace practices you suggest would have a hard time being declared illegal under today’s regs. Workers have almost no rights, and the few they used to have, have been eroded thru courts & practices that subservient workers have lost mostly to challenges.
For those who don’t have HBO, there was a very good doc on American Experience about this a few weeks back. You can see it here
GREED KILLS damn it .
Ha, ha, Kelly!
I was about to post that!
Even if you do have HBO, the American Experience film is well worth a watch. Partly because it goes in-depth into the strike and conditions at Triangle before the fire. Imagine having your meager pay docked for _materials_! Srsly–the workers were charged for thread and buttons. It’s like my boss telling me “I’ll pay you just under $40K a year to do research in my lab, but you have to supply your own reagents, gloves and pipets.”
Yeah, that pair who owned Triangle “earned it all, all on their own”. BS. As it is today.
cbl: that’s amazing about identifying the last half-dozen victims.
themomcat: great story. Where is the cemetery, btw. Is it in the tenement district?
Some people love people and use things and a small percentage love things and use people.
I agree but my larger point was I’ll bet Obama’s DoJ would defend the corporations’ “rights” to do such things.
I also recommend the American Experience program about the Shirtwaist fire.
I agree. I think there is not a scintilla of a doubt about it.
Thanks for the link Kelly. Watching now.
Please forgive the redundancy, but I want to add another voice recommending the American Experience episode about Triangle. They really do a superb job of setting the fire within the historical context of the labor movement and presenting the Triangle workers as people actively fighting to create a better world, and not merely victims of a tragedy. The HBO doc is not without its merits, but the American Experience is, in my opinion, the superior of the two.
Beautiful memoir. Thanks for sharing. This is a story that has haunted me since heard of it years ago.
David, Thank you so much for posting this. As I said above it has haunted me for years. Another haunting story is that of the Radium Girls and the horrible way those injured were treated.
We here in Georgia had a similar incident just 2-3 yr ago when the Imperial Sugar factory blew up as a result of poor safety measures. Now they are trying to limit compensation for those killed and maimed. Welcome to Georgia, a Right to Work state.
20 years ago this September -
Hamlet Chicken Processing Plant Fire
tragically familiar, “locked fire doors”, “no safety inspection”
I went to school there — took classes in that building. I will be there Friday…
21 years ago on March 25 the Happy Land fire in the Bronx, NY that killed 87. Fire was started by a jealous boyfriend who threw gasoline in the stairway of an illegal social club. It was the only exit and the fire exits had been blocked.
Oh, thanks! What a wonderful vignette about uncovering an essential piece of our history.
Yep, tell me again how businesses don’t need to be regulated and we should just trust them to do the right thing…
Thanks for that link!