Gretchen Morgenson’s story, confirmed as an issue by FHFA Acting Director Ed DeMarco, about banks being enriched by Fannie and Freddie principal reductions if their second liens aren’t wiped out is simply an expression of reality. If the seconds are allowed to stand, the banks make money on the increased ability to pay on the seconds as a result of reducing principal on the firsts. That’s just basic logic. The rebuttal was that nobody seriously thinks that the seconds shouldn’t be wiped out if the firsts get written down. That’s not true, as Felix Salmon had to grudgingly admit.
Now we get confirmation that it is, in fact, government policy to maintain seconds while writing down firsts, from no less than the US Treasury Department. Treasury official Michael Stegman wrote a blog post that depressingly refers to “various sources” rather than citing Gretchen Morgenson herself (I guess I should be comforted that I’m not the only person to whom this happens). Anyway, Stegman then goes through the motions of defending Treasury’s policies on second liens.
In fact, the principal reduction program that we have asked the FHFA to allow the GSEs to participate in, the principal reduction alternative of the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), is designed to protect against exactly this result.
Of course, not all under water GSE loans have second liens. But if they do, under HAMP, where a first lien mortgage is modified, then the holder of an eligible second lien must modify that lien proportionately if they are a participant in the Second Lien Modification Program (2MP). Most major servicers are participants in 2MP, so most will be obligated. Thus, any HAMP modification that includes principal reduction would trigger an obligation on the part of a participating second lien holder to write an eligible second down to the same degree. It is also worth noting that Treasury-paid incentives to first lien holders apply to matched second liens, though those incentives are less than the ones for first lien modifications, in light of their subordinated status.
So here’s his defense against a windfall for the banks: he says that, in fact, second liens will not have to be wiped out in the event of a principal reduction on the first lien, but only written down pari passu. This is the same standard in the foreclosure fraud settlement with respect to second liens. You cannot with a straight face say to anyone even marginally sophisticated about housing policy that this represents anything but a violation of accepted lien hierarchy. The seconds are supposed to take the full hit before the firsts get touched. That’s why they are considered junior liens in the first place.
Then, as an added bonus, Stegman casually mentions that the banks holding the second liens get a financial incentive for having to write down their loan in a mandatory fashion. I couldn’t tell you why they’re getting such an incentive, but just rest assured that those banks, who get money for doing nothing and a boost to the ability to pay on their written-down second liens rather than a total wipe-out, aren’t getting a financial windfall.
It’s true that not every GSE loan falls into this category; lots of them have no second liens at all (that we don’t know how many, just like the fact that we don’t know how many mortgages there are in the United States, is a stunning regulatory failure). And principal reduction should absolutely be used as a tool for rescuing borrowers. To those who say that taxpayers would pay (through HAMP incentive payments) for these write-downs, that’s the purpose of those incentive payments, and I’d like to see them actually used rather than sitting in a Treasury account. I could even live with the scenario described here, regardless of the impact on the banks, if it actually succeeded in averting foreclosures and keeping borrowers in their homes. (There are other issues with it, of course, including the fact that private securitization markets will never reconstitute if investors keep getting ripped off in favor of banks, and that the current oligarchic state of our political system will only change, to the benefit of the mass of citizens, by taking away some of the financial and political power from the banks, which this only perpetuates.)
But don’t try to play this game that a clear benefit to the banks isn’t a benefit to the banks. I don’t even know who this Treasury blog post is written for. Anyone with the most rudimentary knowledge of the mortgage and/or securities business would recognize the argument as bogus within two minutes.




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Bogosity pays dividends. Not merely does it intentionally confuse, befuddle, and obfuscate, it allows the astute to walk off with even more “loot” and ill-gotten “gains”
And the “Plain Writing Act” signed by Obama in 2010 was understood to be meaningless drivel … especially as it applies to personal “blogs”.
Frankly, bogosity seems a major “industry” these days and it is cross-disciple in scope, but especially to be found in economic and legal opinion and “conjecture”.
Consider, if “greed is good” and “the truth is what people believe”, then anything and everything “goes” … and no one the “wiser”.
I do wonder what the “official” and “astutely” delineated “policy” might be?
Again, David, you deserve clear recognition for your stellar efforts to educate, and every one of us deserve an actual, functioning Rule of Law.
DW
Thanks for the post David. I couldn’t help but laugh at the last line in.re. to “rudimentary knowledge of the mortgage/and or securities business”. You do realize that we’re in the USA, or as I refer to the country, considering the quality of education available – “Dumfukistan”.
In the real world Wall Street and the idiots in DC who seem to know nothing about mortgages would be bankrupt so quickly they could never inflict the horrible damage we have seen on everyday people. Every idea they have is self-serving and crazy. Who dreamed up an idea of reducing balances on the first mortgage while letting the second mortgage stand? It matches the hiring of pizza parlor people to use their lap tops to approve every loan sent through them before the fake ratings agencies and before the mortgages were sliced and sold with no records kept. Surely those who bought that toxic junk should be aware by now they have been the victim of a monumental crime. I am sitting underwater for six years thank to these jerks with no end in sight.
Now banks are selling REO underwater to investors for rentals. Why not write it all down to mark to market value and let the owner stay in their home and save the neighborhood, Landlords are notorious for letting the property decay, need roof, paint, drive repair, landscape maintenance, Good luck.
When the banks have their people in all the Treasury and Fed positions we know where this road is leading to.
Super reporting David.
And there will be nioe big fat fees to do any of this proposed that the banks get. Jusy got my letter from Bof A stating a $25.00 fee will be added any account with less than $1500.00 balance. Little people pay more.
They’ve needed those fees and these insane “homeowner” (banks) assistance programs because our banking system is still hanging half off the edge of a cliff. Without the population at large trying to learn even the most simple of concepts about mortgages and the rule of law, we are all doomed.
Thank you much DD for being such a regular and informative reporter on this pressing issue!
OUTSTANDING David!!!! Thanks.
The 2nd and the first are at different banks usually – so in pushing a write down anything other than proportionate is telling the 2nd holder that they have an asset that is not worth much – go take a large hit.
True that the 2nd is worth less and by law should be wiped out – but truth is not that important relative to the politics of getting the participation of most of the banks.
It is a windfall for the 2nd lien holder as this is a massive improvement over the results of a foreclosure.
I should note that when the same bank owns both the second and the first it does not matter in any way the way each is marked down.
The complications occur when you tranche the loan selling the first 8 years to group XXX and years 9 to 30 to group ZZZ, etc. – then add in pools of loans that include BOTH first and second.
But the basic fact remains – to the extent the first is written down, the 2nd becomes safer and thus more valuable.